Alternative approaches to spatial modelling

In discussion of the modelling methods that can be used to assess the impacts of transport change on regional and local economies, “land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) models” are often referred to as if all such models were examples of a single, homogeneous commodity. The first and major purpose of this paper is to correct this impression by comparing and contrasting some key features of the main models or modelling packages in the LUTI tradition, particularly those which are generally recognized as constituting the current “state-of-the-art”, or at least the “state of practice”. One particular point within the comparison will be the differing use which is made (or not made) of spatial input-output models in the different approaches.The second purpose of the paper is (more briefly) to compare LUTI modelling with alternative approaches and in particular with spatial computable general equilibrium (SGCE) modelling. One of the common features to emerge from the preceding comparison is that LUTI modelling has been mainly concerned with predicting the location of fixed totals of jobs and of households under different transport scenarios. This is a general feature, even though in some cases these totals are directly fixed by the user whilst in other cases they are the results of long chains of calculations that are insensitive to transport scenarios; in a few cases, the total levels of economic activity are variable according to accessibility-related variables. In contrast, the use of SCGE modelling in testing the impact of transport proposals is very much concerned with the consequences for the total size of the economy in question, usually with a less detailed concern for the spatial distribution of impacts. This comparison leads to a discussion of whether LUTI modelling and SCGE modelling are mutually exclusive or whether some form of synthesis or integration between the two may be theoretically appropriate and/or practically desirable. The requirements of project appraisal - i.e., the assessment of benefits - are also considered.     

Controlled installation of spudcan foundations on loose sand overlying weak clay

Offshore jack-up rigs are often used for site exploration and oil well drilling. The footings of jack-up rigs are known as spudcan foundations. The risk of rapid uncontrolled penetration of spudcan in seabed (“punch-through”) exposes jack-ups to significant risk during installation in strong over weak layered seabeds. An example for this is a thin loose sand layer overlying a weaker stratum of clay. To prevent spudcans from “punch-through”, an in-situ measurement concept is suggested in this paper to control the installation process of spudcan foundations. First, three-dimensional finite element studies using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method are carried out to simulate the penetration process. The numerical results have been validated with existing analytical solutions and centrifuge model test data. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influences of the sand thickness and shear strength of the clay on the bearing capacity of spudcans. Based on the numerical studies an idea for the development of an in-situ measurement concept is suggested to control the spudcan penetration process in-situ.     

小水线面双体船总振动计算与试验研究

小水线面双体船是一种耐波性较好的双体船,其水线面较小,但湿表面较大,使得附加质量对船体的振动特性影响较大。运用三维水弹性分析方法,以干模态为主坐标,分析小水线面双体船的振动特性。综合考虑波浪中附加质量的影响,得到小水线双体船的各阶主要总振型。同时,对实船进行了总体振型测试,得到相应的振型。计算与试验的结果对比分析显示,它们在该船的各主要振型模态上较为吻合,振型频率也一致,说明测试方法合理,数值计算方法可行。     

船舶推进轴系纵向振动及其控制技术研究进展

对船舶推进轴系纵向振动的产生机理、分析方法及其控制技术的国内外研究进展进行较全面系统的综述。内容包括推进轴系纵向振动的激励力研究、机理分析和试验研究、被动控制技术及主动控制技术。重点关注推进轴系纵向振动控制技术方面的研究进展,包括推进轴系改进设计、复合材料轴系、新型推力轴承、动力吸振器、声子晶体带隙减振以及相关主动控制技术,并对今后的研究工作提出一些建议。     

基于阻抗失配原理的潜艇隔振基座结构设计

研究了潜艇阻抗失配基座对平面弯曲波传递的阻抑特性。基于波动理论,根据不均质结构中波型转换、阻抗特性,推导并给出了弯曲波在潜艇基座结构的透声系数及隔声量公式。在理论分析基础上,基于阻抗失配原理,对某典型基座结构进行隔振设计。数值结果表明阻抗失配基座加剧了振动波在基座中的波形转换、散射和反射。     

高桩梁板码头晃动原因分析及处理对策

某高桩梁板码头在运营过程中出现明显的晃动现象。采用三维有限元数值动力分析方法,取码头的1/2排架系统计算结构的自振频率,采用m法模拟桩周土对桩的约束作用,用ANSYS程序进行计算分析不同处理措施下码头第一振动频率的提高值。计算分析表明:采取抛石固桩、桩内灌注混凝土和增设钢撑后,码头第一振动频率提高10%～84%,能有效解决码头晃动问题。     

岸坡与斜坡道桩基相互作用及桩基减载措施

近年来三峡库区中由于回填形成码头岸坡造成桩基出现较大偏位的工程案例已经出现多起。结合三峡库区某码头工程实例,通过有限元计算分析岸坡与斜坡道桩基的相互作用,讨论了岸坡土体变形对桩基的影响以及桩基对岸坡稳定性的提高。对比分析了不同桩顶约束条件下的桩基受力特性,结果表明连续轨道梁与桩基形成整体框架后,桩基受力情况会有很大程度的改善并且桩身位移明显减小。针对工程实例,提出了两种岸坡桩基减载方案,并通过有限元计算分析验证了方案的有效性和合理性。     

爆炸冲击波荷载作用下悬索桥的竖弯振动

针对大跨度悬索桥可能遭受的爆炸冲击波威胁,研究了空中爆炸冲击波荷载作用下悬索桥的竖向弯曲振动.基于悬索桥挠度理论.采用模态叠加法得到了悬索桥空中爆炸冲击波作用下动挠度的解析解.算例表明,最大动挠度解析解与数值模拟结果吻合较好,误差小于10%.     

基于矢量图件的数图交互技术在海上应急搜救中的应用研究

介绍我国海上应急搜救工作中电子海图的应用现状,并通过分析典型的电子海图应用系统,对基于矢量图件的数图交互技术进行应用研究.讨论电子海图的三维可视化技术,重新探索在三维模式下港口、泊住及航标等通航要素的显示应用.     

6L16/24型柴油机振动噪声预测研究

柴油机声振特性的研究已经成为现代柴油机技术的一个重要研究方向,在设计阶段了解和掌握柴油机振动噪声性能,基于仿真模型进行整机振动响应分析和噪声预测,对确保柴油机产品满足日益严格的振动噪声要求,提高其产品竞争力,具有十分重要的意义。以6L16/24型柴油机为研究对象,利用有限元/边界元方法对其声振特性进行了数值仿真.